The classes of immunoglobulins found in any species of animal. In man there are nine classes that migrate in five different groups in electrophoresis; they each consist of two light and two heavy protein chains, and each group has distinguishing structural and functional properties.

The process by which lymphoid cell surface immunoglobulin receptors, when exposed to bivalent anti-Ig antibodies, collect in patches and form a cap at one pole of the cell. The caps may then be endocytosed or shed into the environment in the form of antigen-antibody complexes. Capping has also been induced by lectins and antigens.

A collective grouping for biologically active substances that play a role in the functioning of the immune system and those that show biological or physiological activity.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.